據(jù)美國(guó)彭博新聞社2022年1月5日?qǐng)?bào)道，石油輸出國(guó)組織(歐佩克)去年12月份只實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)劃產(chǎn)量的部分增長(zhǎng)，歐佩克的兩個(gè)非洲成員國(guó)的石油供應(yīng)受到中斷的影響。

彭博社近日進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，歐佩克去年12月份的原油日產(chǎn)量?jī)H增加了9萬(wàn)桶，尼日利亞等的減產(chǎn)抵消了沙特阿拉伯的增產(chǎn)。  

由沙特阿拉伯和俄羅斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的歐佩克+聯(lián)盟已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了疫情期間停止的部分原油生產(chǎn)，并于周二（1月4日）同意繼續(xù)以每天40萬(wàn)桶的速度進(jìn)一步增產(chǎn)。 但由于一些成員國(guó)面臨投資限制和內(nèi)部形勢(shì)不穩(wěn)定的問(wèn)題，這一增產(chǎn)進(jìn)程受到了阻礙。

盡管全球市場(chǎng)重新陷入供過(guò)于求的局面，但歐佩克+聯(lián)盟的努力仍在幫助支撐油價(jià)，周三倫敦布倫特原油期貨交易價(jià)接近每桶80美元。

在尼日利亞，荷蘭皇家殼牌公司警告稱(chēng)，在本月最后10天，從尼日利亞最大港口之一的?？ǘ嗨菇K端運(yùn)輸原油會(huì)遇到困難。同樣由殼牌公司運(yùn)營(yíng)的邦尼終端在裝載貨物方面也遇到了困難。尼日利亞的原油日產(chǎn)量下降了11萬(wàn)桶，至142萬(wàn)桶。

根據(jù)歐佩克與更廣泛聯(lián)盟達(dá)成協(xié)議的條款，歐佩克的13個(gè)成員國(guó)中有10個(gè)成員國(guó)12月獲準(zhǔn)每天增加約25萬(wàn)桶石油，但它們加起來(lái)僅增加了15萬(wàn)桶。 盡管安哥拉上個(gè)月實(shí)現(xiàn)了小幅復(fù)蘇，但其產(chǎn)量下降了協(xié)議要求的近3倍。

這些數(shù)據(jù)是基于船舶跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)、官員提供的信息以及挪威著名能源研究公司雷斯塔能源公司和JBC Energy GmbH等咨詢(xún)公司的估計(jì)得出的。

限制正在打擊更廣泛聯(lián)盟中的其他國(guó)家。 俄羅斯12月雖然慷慨地提高了歐佩克+配額，但其仍未能提高原油產(chǎn)量，這表明俄羅斯已動(dòng)用了現(xiàn)有的所有原油產(chǎn)能。  

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)彭博新聞社

原文如下：

OPEC Output Boost Severely Limited

OPEC made only part of its planned production increase last month, with supplies hampered by disruptions in two of the group’s African members.

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries added just 90,000 barrels a day in December, as a boost by Saudi Arabia was offset by losses in Nigeria, according to a Bloomberg survey. 

The OPEC+ coalition led by Saudi Arabia and Russia has been restoring production halted during the pandemic, and on Tuesday agreed to press on with further increases at a rate of 400,000 barrels a day. But the process has been hindered as some members struggle with investment constraints and internal instability. 

The coalition’s travails are helping to support oil prices even as global markets tip back into oversupply, with Brent crude futures trading near $80 a barrel in London on Wednesday.

In Nigeria, Royal Dutch Shell Plc warned of difficulties with shipments of crude oil from its Forcados terminal -- one of the country’s largest -- during the last 10 days of the month. The Bonny terminal, also operated by Shell, has also had trouble loading cargoes. The country’s output was down 110,000 barrels a day to 1.42 million.

Ten of OPEC’s 13 members were permitted to add roughly 250,000 barrels a day last month under the terms of the group’s accord with the wider coalition, but their combined hike amounted to only 150,000. While Angola managed a modest recovery last month, its output is down almost three times the amount required by the agreement.

The figures are based on ship-tracking data, information from officials and estimates from consultants including Rystad Energy AS and JBC Energy GmbH.

Constraints are hitting other countries in the wider coalition. Russia failed to boost oil output last month despite a generous ramp-up in its OPEC+ quota, indicating the country has deployed all of its current available production capacity.